MUMBAI: The latest Mumbai emissions study published in an international journal shows: vehicle emissions and wind-blown road dust are the primary pollutants responsible for airborne concentrations of toxic PM10 (particulate matter that causes health problems), followed by industrial emissionsmunicipal solid waste incineration and construction projects.
According to experts, PM10 particles are so small that they can actually act as a gas. When inhaled, they travel deep into the lungs.Exposure to high concentrations of PM10 can cause many health effects From coughing and wheezing, to asthma attacks and bronchitis, to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and premature death. Young people, the elderly, and individuals are most susceptible, as short-term exposure to PM10 is primarily associated with exacerbations of respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to hospitalizations and emergency room visits.
Thesis “Development Emissions inventory for air quality assessment Mitigation Strategies for Mumbai, India’s Most Populous Megacity” Written by Poonam Mangaraj, Scientist, Institute of Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan, Saroj Kumar Sahu, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Behampur, India, and Gufran Beig, National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc Campus, Bangalore (NIAS).
According to Maharashtra Motor Vehicles Department (2020), the total number of vehicles registered in Mumbai increased from 1 million in 2000 to 3.8 million in March 2020. DoES (Director of Economics and Statistics) said in 2020 that the number of vehicles in Mumbai alone accounts for 10.3% of the total number of vehicles in the state. Mumbai and other metropolitan cities in India face the highest risk of air pollution due to the surge in the number of vehicles (ENVIS (Environmental Information Systems) Centre, 2014).
Mumbai’s public transport system is considered to be the best in India, but despite having a good public transport system, suggesting a rise in usage, two-wheelers still contribute the highest with 54% of total vehicles and cars accounting for 34% vehicles. This excludes taxis, rickshaws and buses. The use of clean fuels remains limited and most vehicles still rely on petrol/diesel, but Mahanagar Gas Limited reported a 9% increase in CNG vehicles in Mumbai between 2019 and 2020.
This study is an effort to identify all possible sources of reduced air quality. megacity mumbai. “We conducted an assessment of Mumbai’s air pollution load by developing a multi-pollutant emission inventory including PM2.5 and PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Systematic quantification of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) using a bottom-up approach is the first of its kind in India,” the paper reads.
According to the paper, the estimated emission results show that PM2.5 is 44 gigagrams per year (Gg/year), PM10 is 72.5 gigagrams per year, carbon monoxide is 359.7 gigagrams per year, nitrogen oxides are 175.6 gigagrams per year, SO2 is 132.9 gigagrams per year, and 223.4 Gg/year. Annual VOCs (volatile organic compounds), 13 Gg/year BC (black carbon), and 12.5 Gg/year OC (organic carbon) have been deteriorating urban air. 1 Gg (gigagram) is equivalent to 1,000 tons of emissions. According to standards, one ton of carbon is equivalent to cutting down 46 mature trees, indicating that pollution poses a huge threat to Mumbaikars.
Mumbai is the world’s second most populous city and eighth most populous city after Delhi, with an estimated population of about 20 million. Since economic liberalization in 1991, the megacity’s economy has boomed.
Paper said that 35% of the total number of cars in Mumbai are vehicles that are more than 15 years old. They emit 49% of the total PM10 emissions from the automotive industry and are therefore considered super emitters.
The Bharat Phase (BS) norms BS-IV have been implemented for vehicles in Mumbai since 2010, but the Govt. The Ministry of Transport of India has made it mandatory to implement BS-VI norms for all newly registered vehicles across the country from April 2020. The newspaper added that the traffic chaos mainly caused pollution.
The study focused on 17 pollution sources broadly divided into five sectors. These include traffic, wind-blown road dust, industry, thermal power plants, residential (including households, slums, street vendors, cow dung (biofuel), distributed gas, crop residue burning) and others (including municipal solid waste burning, garbage Incineration) Energy (WTE) factories, aviation, construction, brick kilns, incense/cigarettes/mosquito coils and crematoriums.
According to experts, PM10 particles are so small that they can actually act as a gas. When inhaled, they travel deep into the lungs.Exposure to high concentrations of PM10 can cause many health effects From coughing and wheezing, to asthma attacks and bronchitis, to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and premature death. Young people, the elderly, and individuals are most susceptible, as short-term exposure to PM10 is primarily associated with exacerbations of respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to hospitalizations and emergency room visits.
Thesis “Development Emissions inventory for air quality assessment Mitigation Strategies for Mumbai, India’s Most Populous Megacity” Written by Poonam Mangaraj, Scientist, Institute of Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan, Saroj Kumar Sahu, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Behampur, India, and Gufran Beig, National Institute of Advanced Studies, IISc Campus, Bangalore (NIAS).
According to Maharashtra Motor Vehicles Department (2020), the total number of vehicles registered in Mumbai increased from 1 million in 2000 to 3.8 million in March 2020. DoES (Director of Economics and Statistics) said in 2020 that the number of vehicles in Mumbai alone accounts for 10.3% of the total number of vehicles in the state. Mumbai and other metropolitan cities in India face the highest risk of air pollution due to the surge in the number of vehicles (ENVIS (Environmental Information Systems) Centre, 2014).
Mumbai’s public transport system is considered to be the best in India, but despite having a good public transport system, suggesting a rise in usage, two-wheelers still contribute the highest with 54% of total vehicles and cars accounting for 34% vehicles. This excludes taxis, rickshaws and buses. The use of clean fuels remains limited and most vehicles still rely on petrol/diesel, but Mahanagar Gas Limited reported a 9% increase in CNG vehicles in Mumbai between 2019 and 2020.
This study is an effort to identify all possible sources of reduced air quality. megacity mumbai. “We conducted an assessment of Mumbai’s air pollution load by developing a multi-pollutant emission inventory including PM2.5 and PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Systematic quantification of black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) using a bottom-up approach is the first of its kind in India,” the paper reads.
According to the paper, the estimated emission results show that PM2.5 is 44 gigagrams per year (Gg/year), PM10 is 72.5 gigagrams per year, carbon monoxide is 359.7 gigagrams per year, nitrogen oxides are 175.6 gigagrams per year, SO2 is 132.9 gigagrams per year, and 223.4 Gg/year. Annual VOCs (volatile organic compounds), 13 Gg/year BC (black carbon), and 12.5 Gg/year OC (organic carbon) have been deteriorating urban air. 1 Gg (gigagram) is equivalent to 1,000 tons of emissions. According to standards, one ton of carbon is equivalent to cutting down 46 mature trees, indicating that pollution poses a huge threat to Mumbaikars.
Mumbai is the world’s second most populous city and eighth most populous city after Delhi, with an estimated population of about 20 million. Since economic liberalization in 1991, the megacity’s economy has boomed.
Paper said that 35% of the total number of cars in Mumbai are vehicles that are more than 15 years old. They emit 49% of the total PM10 emissions from the automotive industry and are therefore considered super emitters.
The Bharat Phase (BS) norms BS-IV have been implemented for vehicles in Mumbai since 2010, but the Govt. The Ministry of Transport of India has made it mandatory to implement BS-VI norms for all newly registered vehicles across the country from April 2020. The newspaper added that the traffic chaos mainly caused pollution.
The study focused on 17 pollution sources broadly divided into five sectors. These include traffic, wind-blown road dust, industry, thermal power plants, residential (including households, slums, street vendors, cow dung (biofuel), distributed gas, crop residue burning) and others (including municipal solid waste burning, garbage Incineration) Energy (WTE) factories, aviation, construction, brick kilns, incense/cigarettes/mosquito coils and crematoriums.
#Vehicle #exhaust #road #dust #major #pollutants #Mumbai #study #shows #Mumbai #News #Times #India
Image Source : timesofindia.indiatimes.com