Radiating exoplanet discovered in perfect tidal storm

Could tidal forces cause exoplanet surfaces to radiate heat?This is a recent study astronomical magazine An international team of researchers used data collected from ground-based instruments to confirm the presence of a second exoplanet in the exoplanet system HD 104067, and NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission to identify another an exoplanet. Compared with the other two, the orbit of this exoplanet is located in the innermost layer. What is unique is that the tidal force exhibited by the outer two exoplanets may cause the surface radiation of the candidate planet, with a surface temperature as high as 2,300 degrees Celsius (4,200 degrees Fahrenheit), researchers call it a perfect tidal storm.

here, universe today Discuss this excellent study with Dr. Stephen Kane, professor of planetary astrophysics at UC Riverside and lead author of the study, discussing the motivation behind the study, important results, its importance in terms of tidal storms, follow-up research, and Implications of this system for the study of other exoplanetary systems. So, what was the motivation behind this study?

Dr. Kane told us that this star (HD 104067) was a star known to host a massive planet in a 55-day orbit, and I have a long-standing fascination with known systems. universe today. When TESS detected a possible transiting Earth-sized planet (TOI-6713.01) in a 2.2-day orbit, I decided to examine the system further. We collected all the RV data and found another (Uranus-mass) planet in a 13-day orbit. So, it started with the TESS data, and then the more we looked at it, the more interesting the system became.

Dr. Cairns’ history of exoplanet research covers numerous solar system architectures, particularly those containing highly eccentric exoplanets, but also the follow-up work after exoplanets have been confirmed within a system. Most recently, he was second author on a study that discussed modified system architecture in the HD 134606 system, where two new super-Earths were discovered.

In this latest study, Dr Kane and his colleagues used data from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) ground-based instruments, as well as the aforementioned TESS mission, to identify two Characteristics and parameters of the parent star HD 105067 and the corresponding exoplanets orbiting it. But, as Dr. Kane mentioned, aside from the discovery of other exoplanets within the system, what are the most important results of this research?

Narrated by Dr. Kane universe today, the most surprising result of our work is that the dynamics of the system caused it to experience huge tidal effects over a period of 2.2 days, similar to what Io experiences. But in this case, TOI-6713.01 experiences 10 million times more tidal energy than Io, resulting in 2600K [2,300 degrees Celsius (4,200 degrees Fahrenheit)] surface temperature. This means that the planet does indeed shine at light wavelengths.

Jupiter’s moon Io, the most volcanically active planet in the solar system, was created by tidal heating caused by Jupiter’s immense gravity in Io’s slightly eccentric (elongated) orbit, which lasted 1.77 days. This means that Io is closer to Jupiter at some points and farther away from Jupiter at other points, causing Io to compress and expand respectively. Over millions of years, constant friction within Ios caused its core to heat up, causing hundreds of volcanoes to form on Ios’ surface, but no visible impact craters. As Dr. Kane mentioned, this new exoplanet candidate experiences 10 million times more tidal energy than Io, which could raise more questions about its own volcanism or other geological processes. So what does the tidal storm aspect of TOI-6713.01 mean?

Narrated by Dr. Kane universe today, The reason why TOI-6713.01 experiences such a strong tidal force is because the eccentricity of the two outer giant planets forces TOI-6713.01 to also enter an eccentric orbit. Therefore, I say the planet is caught in a perfect tidal storm.

The two outer giant exoplanets of the HD 104067 system forced the innermost TOI-6713.01 into a perfect tidal storm, somewhat reminiscent of Jupiter’s first three Galilean moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede, which gravitational effects on each other throughout the orbit. However, there are some differences, as Jupiter’s massive gravity is the main force driving Ios’ volcanic activity, and all three moons are in what’s called orbital resonance, meaning their orbits are proportional to each other. For example, for every four orbits of Io, there are two of Europa’s orbits and one of Ganymede’s, making their orbital resonance 4:2:1, which results in each moon having a regular relationship with each other. Gravitational influence. Therefore, the tidal storms on TOI-6713.01 are caused by the eccentricity of the two outer giant stars. How does this compare to the relationship between Io, Europa, and Ganymede?

Dr Kane told Universe Today that the Laplace resonance of the Galilean moons creates a particularly powerful structure, with the regular arrangement of the three moons within often forcing Io into eccentric orbits. The HD 104067 system is not in resonance, but because planets b and c are so massive, they are still able to generate dynamic configurations, so it is more of a “brute force” effect forcing the inner transiting planets into eccentric orbits.

As mentioned, TOI-6713.01 was discovered using the radial velocity method, also known as Doppler spectroscopy, which means astronomers measured tiny changes in the motion of the parent star as it was slightly tugged by the planet in its orbit . These slight changes cause the parent star to wobble as the two celestial bodies pull against each other. Astronomers use spectrographs to detect changes in these wobbles as the star moves “closer” and “further away” from us to search for exoplanets. . This method has proven to be very effective in finding exoplanets, as it accounts for almost 20% of the total exoplanets confirmed to date, and the first exoplanets orbiting a star like ours were also discovered using this method. method discovered. However, despite the valid radial velocity, the study states that the specifics of TOI-6713.01 have not been confirmed, so what additional observations are needed to confirm its existence?

Narrated by Dr. Keynes universe today, because the planet is so small, it is difficult to detect it from radial velocity data. However, the transit appears clean and we have ruled out the possibility of stellar contamination. Additional transits would help, but we are currently very confident in the planet’s existence.

The research comes as the total number of exoplanetary systems approaches 4,200, with more than 5,600 confirmed exoplanets and more than 10,100 candidate exoplanets awaiting confirmation. The architecture of these systems was found to be very different from our solar system, which consists of terrestrial (rocky) planets closer to the sun and gas giant planets farther away from the sun. For example, hot Jupiters orbit perilously close to their parent stars, some in just a matter of days, while other systems host seven Earth-sized exoplanets, some of which orbit within the habitable zone. So what can this unique solar system structure tell us about exoplanetary systems in general, and what other exoplanetary systems might reflect it?

Narrated by Dr. Kane universe todayThis system is a good example of the extreme environments planets find themselves in.

The potential discovery of exoplanets orbiting in perfect tidal storms is further evidence of the myriad of characteristics exhibited by exoplanets and exoplanetary systems, while competing with our own solar system and what astronomers know about them to date. Compared. If confirmed, TOI-6713.01 will continue to shape our understanding of the formation and evolution of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems throughout the Milky Way and throughout the universe.

The universe is such a wonderful place!Narrated by Dr. Kane universe today. The interesting thing about this particular project is that it all started as well…this could be fun and then turned into something more fascinating than I could have ever imagined! Just go show up and don’t miss the opportunity to follow your curiosity.

How will this tidal storm exoplanet teach us about other exoplanets and exoplanet systems in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, that’s why we’re scientific!

As always, keep doing science and keep searching!